# Episode 10: Business and Industry Data

Pairs demographic context with business establishments and industry statistics.

## Sources and attribution

- [County Business Patterns Data](https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/cbp/data.html) by U.S. Census Bureau; published by U.S. Census Bureau.
- [Open Data](https://www.census.gov/about/policies/open-gov/open-data.html) by U.S. Census Bureau; published by U.S. Census Bureau.
- [About Torrance](https://www.torranceca.gov/Government/About-Torrance) by City of Torrance; published by City of Torrance.

This episode is an independent study production based on the sources listed above. Source attribution does not imply affiliation, approval, sponsorship, or endorsement by any author, publisher, or institution.

## License

U.S. Government work not subject to copyright in the United States; confidential source data remain protected; Public U.S. Census Bureau data; privacy, security, and third-party restrictions still apply; Copyrighted local government webpage; facts summarized with attribution, no expressive text reproduced

## Production notes

Independent educational production. Not an official U.S. Census Bureau or City of Torrance course, not endorsed or certified by either, and not legal or statistical advice. The narration is an original synthesis. Verify current law, guidance, course requirements, and source terms before relying on it.

Stable episode ID: `da305e59-415a-58a4-9f2e-c2a9369dafe5`

## Transcript

This episode focuses on economic programs. Census data becomes useful when the population, measure, geography, and time period are stated before anyone searches for a number.

Business statistics describe establishments, firms, industries, employment, payroll, and receipts under program-specific rules. County Business Patterns covers establishments with paid employees and reports annual subnational data by industry and size.

An establishment is a location where business activity occurs, while a firm may control multiple establishments. Nonemployer Statistics covers many businesses without paid employees. Economic Census and annual programs have different frequency and detail.

Industry classifications, suppression, reference years, and geographic coverage can change. Do not combine business counts with ACS worker estimates as if they share a universe. Use each program for the question it was designed to answer.

Torrance application segment. This local application is separate from the Census Academy instruction. The cited City of Torrance primary source is About Torrance, published at https://www.torranceca.gov/Government/About-Torrance. For a local analysis, treat the City's description of its economy as local context and use federal business programs for reproducible establishment statistics. Do not present City policy or administrative records as Census Bureau findings, and do not present a federal estimate as adopted City policy.

Keep a reproducibility packet containing the question, source URLs, exact vintage, table or query, geography codes, raw result, calculations, and uncertainty note. This narration is an original synthesis of cited U.S. Census Bureau government works and separately cited City of Torrance material. Third-party videos, software, graphics, and linked works are excluded. This product uses Census Bureau information but is not endorsed or certified by the Census Bureau. It is not an official City product and does not imply City endorsement.